As of 1 November 2022 new laws have been introduced in Queensland to target e-scooter riders which will now see the laws in line with cycling laws. The changes have been introduced following an increasing number of catastrophic and life changing injuries from accidents involving e-scooters. There have been fatalities and a number of upper limb fractures and head trauma injuries after accidents. The devices are continuing to increase and popularity and as such the Government has been required to address this by introducing the new rules to highlight the need for safety while using the devices.

New Rules

Riders are now subject to 12 kilometres per hour speed limits on footpaths and shared paths unless they have been signed otherwise. Riders are able travel at a speed of 25 kilometres per hour for all other bike paths and roads, meaning that a number of users will have to significantly slow down compared to the speeds they have been travelling. Personal mobility devices will be able to be ridden in bike lanes on roads with a speed limit of 50 kilometres per hour of less, and all on-road bikes lanes that are physically separated. All personal mobility devices with handlebars, like e-scooters will now be mandated to be equipped with a bell. The personal mobility device riders will now be aligned with bike riders and will be required to follow general road rules including stopping at red lights.

New Fines

A number of fines have been increased to target dangerous offences while using the e-scooters including speeding, illegal road use and using or holding a mobile phone while riding.

Offence

Fine

Speeding

Up to $575.00

Not Wearing a Helmet

Up to $143.00

Double Riding

$143.00

Riding on a Prohibited Road

$173.00

Using a Mobile Phone

Up to $1,078.00

Motorists are reminded to provide a one-metre protection zone when passing a personal mobility device rider, as they are required to when passing a cyclist.

Individuals aged between 12 years and 16 years of age are reminded that they must only ride a personal mobility device whilst under adult supervision.

Individuals under 12 years of age wanting to operate a personal mobility device, are reminded that it is illegal for anyone under 12 years of age to ride a personal mobility device on Queensland roads.

Our team specialize in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

On Thursday, 27 October 2022, after a 12-day trial and 5 days of deliberations, the jury panel in the rape trial of Bruce Lehrmann were discharged. Chief Justice Lucy McCallum had no choice but to discharge the jury after it was discovered that a jury member had brought in outside evidence to the deliberation room. This is prohibited under the Juries Act 1967, and the jury had been warned at least 17 times by Her Honour Chief Justice McCallum regarding this behaviour.

After the jury was discharged, Her Honour Chief Justice McCallum relisted the matter for trial, and warned the complainant and accused about making comments in the media that may impact the accused right to a fair trial. Her Honour further warned that any such comments could be considered contempt of court under the ACT Criminal Code.

Both the accused and Ms Higgins were present in Court when the Chief Justice gave this warning.

The accused through his legal representative declined the opportunity to address the media after these warnings, on the basis it would be both “inappropriate and irresponsible” given Her Honours warnings.

Ms Higgins however, addressed the media, delivering what the accused lawyers say was a pre-prepared speech, setting out the injustices she felt throughout the trial proceedings.

The accused lawyers sought urgent legal advice in relation to Ms Higgins speech and referred the matter to the Australian Federal Police for investigation.

The investigation will look into whether Ms Higgins comments amount to the criminal offence of contempt of court.

The maximum penalty for contempt of court in Queensland is 1 year imprisonment or a fine to the value of 84 penalty units.

Our team specialize in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

In September 2021, the Queensland Government introduced tough new parole laws for prisoners convicted of atrocious crimes who received sentences of life imprisonment for their crimes. The laws are intended to target people who are convicted of killing children and those who are convicted of multiple murders. 

The legislation which is included within the Police Powers and Responsibilities and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2021 came following the application for parole by Barrie Watts. The community was outraged that Mr Watts may be released back into the community and called for the Government to do something to keep him behind bars. The laws were introduced to ensure that those who commit atrocious crimes have no guaranteed right to parole and in fact may never be afforded the opportunity to apply for parole.

Mr Watts is now 68 years old and has spent thirty-five (35) years in prison after receiving a life sentence for his crimes. He was convicted of the abduction, rape and murder on a 12-year old girl, Sian Kingi. The young girl was from the Sunshine Coast and the crime was committed in November 1987.

The Parole Board Queensland had granted Mr Watts a parole hearing prior to the laws being enacted, however following the introduction of the new laws this was rejected. 

The Parole Board Queensland President now has the sole responsibility of determining whether convicted child killers and those who have committed multiple murders should receive a parole ban of up to ten (10) years. This ensures that the President of the Parole Board can step in where atrocious crimes were committed and where it remains unsafe to release the prisoner back into the community.

In Mr Watts circumstances, given the extent of his crimes he was deemed an unacceptable risk to the community if he were to be released.

Two convicted child killers have been the first to have their parole bans extended by the Parole Board Queensland President Michael Byrne KC. 

Andrew Brownsey was the first to receive a parole ban for a period of eight (8) years in June 2022. He is serving a life sentence after being convicted of the murder of a 15-year-old boy in Strathpine in May 1988. 

Alan Craig received a five (5) year ban, he is serving life imprisonment after being convicted of the murder of his two-year-old nephew in 2006. 

Both Mr Craig and Mr Brownsey were deemed by Mr Byrne to be an unacceptable risk to the community if they were to be released on parole. Mr Byrne said, “ I have made this declaration because of the nature, seriousness and circumstances of the offence for which the prisoner was sentenced to life imprisonment; of the risk the prisoner may pose to the public if the prisoner is granted parole; and of the likely effect that the prisoner’s release on parole may have on … a victim.”

After comprehensive considerations the two men were issued their parole bans, which can be further extended in the future if they are still deemed an unacceptable risk in future. 

Our team specialize in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

Former swimming coach, Kyle Daniels has been acquitted by the Jury in the New South Wales District Court. Mr Daniels pleaded not guilty to 21 charges, 10 charges of a sexual nature.

Kyle Daniels, is twenty-four years old and was charged with inappropriate sexual contact with 9 young female students whilst working as a part time swim instructor in 2018 and 2019. The jury acquitted Mr Daniels of 9 charges including 5 of sexual intercourse with a child under the age of ten. Four of the verdicts were majority decisions which means all jury members but one agreeing. On Monday 24 October 2022 Mr Daniels was acquitted of one further charge of sexually touching a child under the age of ten and handed the Judge a note that indicated “no prospect of resolution” on the remaining charges.

Judge Kara Shead urged the jury to continue deliberating and participate in objective discussions. Judge Shead said “I understand there will be a level of frustration in the jury room”. Shortly after a further note was handed to the Judge by the jury that advised they remained divided and was discharged. The outstanding charges included five counts of indecent assault and six counts of sexual touching. The Judge indicated that the trial would conclude without verdicts in relation to the outstanding charges and that such circumstances would ordinarily result in a re-Trial but will be a matter for the Director of Public Prosecutions.

Mr Daniels previously faced Trial in 2020 on 26 charges whereby he was acquitted of five but the jury were unable to come to a decision on the remaining charges.

Being acquitted is the verdict of not guilty, there are also rules under Australian law that you cannot be brought into jeopardy for the same offence more than once which is called double jeopardy. It is the principal of autrefois acquit which roughly translates to “formerly acquitted”, it precludes a prosecuting authority from bringing a charge relating to an alleged offence that a person has already been acquitted on. There are some exceptions to double jeopardy through the Criminal Code (Double Jeopardy) Amendment Act, which was introduced in 2007.

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

This article examines certain aspects of the criminal charge of trespass. It is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice. The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of interpretation of the contents of this article. It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

What is Trespassing?

In Queensland, trespassing is defined as the offence of unlawfully entering or remaining in a dwelling or the yard of a dwelling of another. ‘Entering unlawfully’ means to enter without authorisation, justification, or an excuse accepted by the law. 

An example of individuals who have a lawful reason to enter into someone’s house, yard, or business premises, excluding Police Officers and First Responders acting in the execution of their duty or a legitimate door-to-door salesperson who enters a yard in the execution of their work duties.  

Trespass charges are usually dealt with in the Magistrates Court, or can be referred to Justice Mediation for an alternative dispute resolution. 

Police have discretion when deciding to charge a person with the offence of trespass. If you intentionally entered a person’s yard without a reasonable excuse then you could be found liable for this offence. If however you accidentally entered the wrong yard believing you were going to your friend’s house you would likely have a reasonable excuse. This will depend entirely on the circumstances of the case.   

The Law in Regards to Trespass

Section 11 of the Summary Offences Act (Qld) states; 

(1) A person must not unlawfully enter, or remain in, a dwelling or the yard for a dwelling. 

(2) A person must not unlawfully enter, or remain in, a place used as a yard for, or a place used for, a business purpose. 

Elements of the Offence of Trespass

It is the duty of the prosecutor to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant has committed trespass. Every trespass charge has a number of elements that the Prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt. For the charge of Trespass the Prosecution must prove; 

  1. Defendant – The Prosecutor has to prove the identification of the offender;
  2. Entered or remained at the property – that was a private or business dwelling or yard of a dwelling
  3. Of Another;
  4. Without lawful excuse – justification or authorisation to allow you to be at the property

Maximum Penalty for Trespass

The maximum penalty for trespass offences is 1 year’s imprisonment or a fine of 20 penalty units. 

Punishment for Trespassing

In Queensland, if a person is convicted of Trespass, then the court could impose one of the following penalties: 

  • Jail (suspended, parole, or actual time);
  • Intensive Corrections Order; 
  • Probation; 
  • Community Service Order; 
  • Fines. 

The actual penalty will depend on the circumstances of the matter including the severity of the offence and the individual circumstances and background of the Defendant. 

Possible Defences for Trespass

There are several defences available for charges of trespass. Not every defence is available to every charge, however. You will need to seek specific legal advice to see if you have a defence available to you for this charge. Some of the common defences available in criminal charges are; 

  • Necessity;
  • Mistake of Fact;
  • Public Safety;
  • Self Defence or defence of another person;
  • Intoxication;
  • Provocation;
  • Accident;
  • Duress;
  • Compulsion;
  • Insanity;
  • Automatism

Which Court will your trespass case be heard in?

The charge of Trespass is heard in the Magistrates Court in Queensland. The charge will be heard and determined by a Magistrate alone whether you plead guilty or not guilty. There is no jury in the Magistrates Court.

What should I do if the police want to speak to me about a Trespass allegation or if I am charged with Trespass?

In regards to the police speaking to you about a trespass charge, you have the right to remain silent. You DO have to provide police with your name, date of birth and contact details. You should NOT answer any questions, make any statement or participate in any interview with the police. You should be polite to the officer but insist that you want to talk to your lawyer. You have the right to telephone a friend, relative or lawyer. 

Call a Trespassing Lawyer

If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over the phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court.  

Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court. Contact us today.  

This article is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice.  The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of interpretation of the contents of this article.  It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

A penalty unit is a measurement of the fine imposed for a criminal offence. The fine is calculated by multiplying the value of one penalty unit by the amount of penalty units for the criminal offence. For offences that have a punishment involving ‘Penalty Units’, the maximum number of penalty units are outlined in the offence section in the legislation.

How Much Is A Penalty Unit?

At the time of the writing of this article, one penalty unit is equal to the amount of $133.45.  So, for example, the maximum penalty for the offence of Shoplifting (UTAG Regulator Offences Act QLD where the amount of goods is under $150.00) is 6 penalty units. Therefore, the total maximum fine that a Magistrate can impose is $800.70 ($133.45 x 6). 

Please note that there is also an offenders levy attached to every criminal court proceeding.  The offenders levy in the various states and territories are: 

STATE MAGISTRATES DISTRICT SUPREME
QLD $125.80 $377.20
NSW $118.80 $356.40
TAS $20.00 $50.00
SA $160.00 $260.00

How To Calculate A Fine With Penalty Units

You can calculate the total cost of a fine with penalty units by multiplying the value of one penalty unit by the number of penalty units for the criminal offence. 

For example, if you were a first time drink driving offender in Tasmania with a blood alcohol concentration less than 0.05 the offence will likely be between 2 and 10 penalty units. In Tasmania, one penalty unit is currently equal to $181. So, the fine will be between $362 and $1810. 

Payment Options For A Fine With Penalty Units

If you receive a fine from the court, you can pay that at the Court Registry after court.  You can speak with the court staff about organising a time to pay the fine.  Alternatively, you can have the fine referred to the State Penalties Enforcement Registry (SPER).  If you don’t do anything about the fine then it will automatically be referred to SPER.  Be aware, if your fine is referred to SPER then you will be charged with the SPER administration fee which will increase the cost that you owe.  If you can’t afford to pay your fine immediately, you can organise to enter into a payment plan through SPER. 

In Queensland, you can visit this page on paying your SPER debt by instalments for more information. If you ignore the fine and don’t respond to SPER, action can be taken against you. This can include the suspension of your driver’s licence or the recovery of your personal property in certain circumstances.   

Our Legal Team Can Help You With Criminal Charges & Penalty Units

At Brooke Winters Solicitors, we are experienced criminal lawyers who can assist you with any questions you may have in relation to penalty units. Our team can also help you with legal advice regarding criminal law, traffic law and domestic violence. We have offices on the Gold Coast, South Brisbane, Sunshine Coast and Hobart but can travel to you anywhere in Australia. Contact us today for more information. 

An Intensive Correction Order is just what it sounds like – intensive. Make no mistakes though, it is a jail sentence, just served in the community. 

This article is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice. The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of the interpretation of the contents of this article. It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

What are the conditions of an Intensive Corrections Order (ICO)?

If a court sentences a defendant to a period of imprisonment of less than one year then the court may issue an Intensive Corrections Order instead of actual jail time. 

A conviction must be recorded if an ICO is imposed. 

Practically, an ICO is similar to a probation order combined with community service. However, the defendant will receive visits from a corrective services officer at least twice a week. Further, they must reside in a community residential facility if required. 

The consequences of a breach of an Intensive Corrections Order means that the defendant will not go back before a court, they will be sanctioned by the probation and parole office and be placed in a corrective services facility (jail) usually for 28-day periods. That is a matter for the probation and parole office. 

An ICO is the last option the court has before they must impose a period of actual custody. 

The strict conditions of an Intensive Corrections Order are; 

  • (a) must not commit anotheroffence during the period of the order; and 
  • (b) must report to an authorised corrective services officerat the place, and within the time, stated in the order; and 
  • (c) must report to, and receive visits from, an authorised corrective services officer at least twice in each week that the order is in force; and 
  • (d) must take part in counselling and satisfactorily attend other programs as directed by the court or an authorised corrective services officer during the period of the order; and 
  • (e) must perform in a satisfactory way community service that an authorised corrective services officer directs during the period of the order; and 
  • (f) must, during the period of the order, if an authorised corrective services officer directs, reside at community residential facilities for periods (not longer than 7 days at a time) that the officer directs; and 
  • (g) must notify an authorised corrective services officer of every change of the offender’s place of residence or employment within 2 business days after the change happens; and 
  • (h) must not leave or stay out of Queensland without the permission of an authorised corrective services officer; and 
  • (i) must comply with every reasonable direction of an authorised corrective services officer. 

The Intensive Correction Order may contain requirements that the offender— 

  • (a) Submit to medical, psychiatric, or psychological treatment;  
  • (b) Any other condition that the court sees fit.   

At a sentence, the court must explain to the Defendant what an Intensive Correction Order is. The Defendant must agree to the making of an order. If the Defendant does not agree to the making of the order, then it is quite likely that the court will remand the Defendant in custody.   

If the Defendant does not comply with the conditions of the Intensive Correction Order, then the Probation and Parole office may take action.   

Can my Intensive Corrections Order (ICO) be revoked?

An ICO can be revoked only in certain circumstances when:  

  • you are not able to comply with the order due to a concrete change of circumstances; 
  • your circumstances presented to the court during sentencing were not factual; 
  • you longer wish to comply with the conditions of the order; or 
  • you have breached a condition of your Order. 

If you would like to invalidate your ICO for whatever reason, be sure to seek legal advice immediately.  

What happens if I breach my Intensive Correction Oder (ICO)?

If you breach any of the stipulations of your ICO you may be sentenced for breaching it and you may also have the Intensive Correction Oder revoked. The severity of the penalty varies and is dependent on the specific circumstances of the order and breach.  

If you are charged with breaching an Intensive Correction Order or you need any legal advice regarding the Order, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over-the-phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court. Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court. 

Much like the road rules for motor vehicle uses, the traffic laws which apply across local jurisdictions of Australia extend to those who utilise bicycles on the road. Under all legislation materials covering motor vehicles, a bicycle is classed as a vehicle which must obey the same rules that other vehicles are legally bound by. This includes stopping at the relevant signals, giving way and stopping as indicated by road signs and provide an indication through hand signals when they are changing direction. These rules provide the same legislative punishments as would apply to a motor vehicle users.  

However, while all road rules apply to bicycle users, there are some specific rules that strictly apply to those riding bicycles. Such rules include that the rider of a bicycle must avoid being a traffic hazard such as riding in the path of a driver or pedestrian. Further rules are also in place for bicyclists to ensure they remain as safe as possible while on the road, with laws such as the requirement to wear a safety helmet while riding their vehicle.  

Ever since the lockdowns throughout the pandemic period of the past four years, many people have taken up the act of cycling and as such it is imperative that the rules put in place are followed. Since this spike of road users, the increase and necessities regarding safety measures have also become apparent. The increase in fatalities and head injuries is evident especially in Sydney with a 78% increase in hospital admittance due to these injuries being recognisable. It is therefore imperative that all users of the road whether they are using motor vehicles or bicycles exercise caution to all road users to ensure safety for all.  

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

Upon being charged with an offence, you may be required to attend court at a later date, or otherwise be kept in custody until a court date is next available. 

Every individual, independent of their specific circumstances, has a right to apply for bail. 

Applications for bail are considered in various court jurisdictions, including in the Supreme, District and Magistrates Courts. In higher jurisdictions, depending on the stage of proceedings, bail applications often also require an affidavit of justification, which is a formal document that includes justifications as to why bail should be awarded. 

In deciding whether you are awarded bail, the court will consider relevant factors, including whether it is justifiable to remand you based on your likelihood of reoffending.  The court will also consider whether you are a danger to the community, whether you are likely to commit a further serious offence, and whether you will attend the court on the next occasion. The court also considers where you live, whether you are employed, your previous criminal convictions, as well as other relevant factors. 

If you are granted bail, you will be allowed to go freely until you are next required before the court, subject to conditions. Such conditions could include regularly reporting to police, not having criminal connections, providing a surety, or other various conditions. 

If your bail application was previously refused, you may reapply for bail if you are able to explain that you have had a change in circumstances. 

If you are found to have breached your bail, it can be revoked, or otherwise you can be charged with the offence of breach of bail. In the circumstance where you are charged, you can be arrested without a warrant and later brought before the court. 

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

Medical marijuana, with an approved prescription, is now legal in Queensland. However, driving with a relevant drug in your saliva, remains illegal in Queensland. Prescription or not, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) which is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, remains a relevant drug in Queensland.  

Generally, if you are prescribed Cannabidoil (CBD) medication, you are not able to drive if that substance is in your system.  CBD can potentially cause drowsiness, fatigue, and lower blood pressure.

On the other hand, it is illegal for any person being treated with medicinal cannabis containing THC to drive while undergoing treatment. Research has shown that cannabis use influences a person’s ability to drive. Unlike alcohol, there is no specific concentration of cannabis that can be identified as an indicator of impairment.  

If you are charged with the offence “driving with a relevant drug in your saliva”, police do not have to prove that you were under the influence of cannabis. Police simply need to prove that cannabis containing THC was present in your saliva at the time of driving.  

It is not a defence at law, to have a medical marijuana exception.   

In Queensland, the minimum period of disqualification that the court must impose on your licence in relation to this offence is 1 month.   

To find out more, we recommend the following useful links, alternatively, our team specialise in traffic law. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on  1300 066 669.

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