This article is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice.  The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of interpretation of the contents of this article.  It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

What is Drink Spiking?

In Queensland, it is an offence to administer or attempt to administer a substance to another person with intent to cause the other person to be stupefied or overpowered, which is referred to as Drink Spiking.  The term ‘stupefied or overpowered’ includes a state of intoxication caused by alcohol, drug or another substance, and a behavioural change caused by a dangerous drug whether or not the mind is otherwise affected. 

It is irrelevant the quantity or nature of the substance administered to the drink.  Further, it is irrelevant if the person intended to take the drink actually takes the drink or another person does.  

The Drink Spiking Law:

Section 316A of the Criminal Code (Qld) 1899 states; 

(1) A person who administers, or attempts to administer, in drinka substance to another person (the “other person” ) without the other person having knowledge of the substance with intent to cause the other person to be stupefied or overpowered is guilty of a crime and is liable to imprisonment for 5 years. 

(2) If the substance is alcohol, for section 24 only, the circumstances in which the other person is taken to have knowledge of the alcohol include where the other person would not object to the administration of the alcohol if the other person had actual knowledge of it. 

(3) The following matters are immaterial—         

(a) whether the lack of knowledge of the substance is lack of knowledge of the presence at all of the substance or of the particular quantity of the substance; 

(b) whether the substance is capable of having the effect intended; 

(c) whether a particular person is intended to be the person to whom the substance is administered or attempted to be administered.  

Elements of the Drink Spiking Offence:

It is the duty of the prosecutor to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant has committed the Drink Spiking offence.  Every charge has a number of elements that the Prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt.  For the charge of Drink Spiking the Prosecution must prove; 

  1. Defendant – The Prosecutor has to prove the identification of the offender; 
  2. Administers or attempts to administer; 
  3. In a Drink
  4. A Substance to another person; 
  5. Without Consent – Without the other person having knowledge of the substance; 
  6. Intent – With intent to cause the other person to be stupefied or overpowered 

Maximum Penalty for Drink Spiking:

The maximum penalty for drink spiking is 5 years.

Convictions:

In Queensland, if a person is convicted of Drink Spiking, then the court could impose one of the following penalties:

  • Jail (suspended, parole or actual time);
  • Intensive Corrections Order;
  • Probation;
  • Community Service Order;
  • Fines.

The actual penalty will depend on the circumstances of the matter including the seriousness of the offence and the individual circumstances and background of the Defendant.

Possible Defences:

There are a number of defences available to charges at law.  Not every defence is available to every charge.  You will need to seek specific legal advice to see if you have a defence available to you for this charge.  Some of the common defences available in criminal charges are;

  • Necessity;
  • Mistake of Fact;
  • Self Defence or defence of another person;
  • Intoxication;
  • Provocation;
  • Accident;
  • Duress;
  • Compulsion;
  • Insanity;
  • Automatism

Which Court will your matter be heard in?

The charge Drink Spiking will ordinarily be heard in the Magistrates Court in Queensland.  The charge will be heard and determined by a Magistrate alone whether you plead guilty or not guilty.  There is no jury in the Magistrates Court. 

The Defendant may however elect to have the matter heard in the District Court.    

What should I do if the police want to speak to me about a Drink Spiking allegation or if I am charged with Drink Spiking?

You have the right to remain silent. You DO have to provide police with your name, date of birth and contact details. You should NOT answer any questions, make any statement or participate in any interview with the police. You should be polite to the officer but insist that you want to talk to your lawyer. You have the right to telephone a friend, relative or lawyer.  

Call an Expert 

If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over the phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court. Call us at 1300 066 669, or contact us online if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court. 

What is the charge of Threats?

It is a criminal offence in Queensland to threaten another person.  A threat is any communication indicating an intention to do harm. A threat can be communicated directly or indirectly. It can be delivered through words- written or spoken, or by conduct. 

An example of a threat is writing an email to someone telling them that you are going to blow up a building, or yelling at someone that you are going to kill them.  The threat must be communicated to the person, and the person must both objectively and subjectively believe that the act is going to be, or capable of being carried out.  The threat must include a detriment or a consequence of the person’s action.   

For a threat to occur, there must be an intention to cause harm. There is a difference between someone who is merely “sounding off” and someone who has the intention to create any fear. 

The Law:- 

Section 359 of the Criminal Code (Qld) 1899 states; 

  • A person (the “first person”) who threatens to cause a detriment to a second person with the intent to prevent or hinder any person (the”other person” ) other than the first person from doing any act which the other person is lawfully entitled to do, or with intent to compel the other person to do any act which the other person is lawfully entitled to abstain from doing, or with intent to cause public alarm or anxiety, commits a crime. 
  • The offender is liable to a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment if the threat is made to a law enforcement officer, or a person helping a law enforcement officer, when or because the officer is investigating the activities of a criminal organisation.

Elements of the offence

It is the duty of the prosecutor to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant has committed the offence.  Every charge has a number of elements that the Prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt.  For the charge of Threats the Prosecution must prove the;

  1. Defendant: The Prosecutor has to prove the identification of the offender; 
  2. Threat to Cause Detriment of Any Kind– The Prosecutor must prove that a threat of any kind was made.
  3. With Intent- The Prosecutor must prove that the threat was made with the intent to; 
  • Prevent or hinder any person from doing an act that the other person is lawfully entitled to do, or; 
  • Compel any person to do any act which the other person is lawfully entitled to abstain from doing, or; 
  • Cause public alarm or anxiety.  

Maximum Penalty for Threats:

The maximum penalty for Threats is 5 years imprisonment.  

The maximum penalty increases to 10 years imprisonment if the threat is made to a law enforcement officer or a person helping a law enforcement officer when or because the officer is investigating the activities of criminal misconduct. 

Convictions

In Queensland, if a person is convicted of Threats, then the court could impose one of the following penalties: 

  • Jail (suspended, parole or actual time); 
  • Intensive Corrections Order
  • Probation
  • Community Service Order
  • Fines

The actual penalty will depend on the circumstances of the matter including the seriousness of the offence and the individual circumstances and background of the Defendant.

Possible Defences:

There are a number of defences available to charge at law.  Not every defence is available to every charge.  You will need to seek specific legal advice to see if you have a defence available to you for this charge. Some of the common defences available in criminal charges are;
  • Necessity;
  • Mistake of Fact;
  • Public Safety;
  • Self Defence or defence of
  • another person;
  • Intoxication;
  • Provocation;
  • Accident;
  • Duress;
  • Compulsion;
  • Insanity;
  • Automatism

Which Court will your matter be heard in?

This matter is indictable.  

The charge of kidnapping will be initially heard in the Magistrates Court, however, it is too serious to be finalised by a Magistrate.  In that event, a committal hearing will have to be conducted and then the matter will proceed to the District Court.  If you enter a plea of guilty then the charge will be determined by a Judge.  If you enter a plea of Not Guilty, then the trial will be before a Judge and Jury.  If you are found guilty then you will be sentenced by the Judge.  

What should I do if the police want to speak to me about a Threats allegation or if I am charged with Threats?

You have the right to remain silent. You DO have to provide police with your name, date of birth and contact details. You should NOT answer any questions, make any statement or participate in any interview with the police. You should be polite to the officer but insist that you want to talk to your lawyer. You have the right to telephone a friend, relative or lawyer. 

Call an Expert

If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over-the-phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court.  

Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court.

In the Mackay Supreme Court, Van Dung Vu has plead not guilty to possessing more than 200 grams of dangerous drugs and possession of a mobile phone that was used in the commission of a crime.

Mr Vu was arrested two (2) years ago after the Australian Border Force found a package containing 3.3 kilograms of heroin in disposable gloves that was being sent to a Mackay business. The value of the drugs is estimated at nearly $1 million.

The matter has been listed for a Trial in the Mackay Supreme Court which will occur in May 2023.

If found guilty of the offence Mr Vu faces a maximum penalty of 25 years imprisonment.

The amount of drugs is significantly high meaning it was unable to be dealt with in the Magistrates Court and the matter has completed the committal process through to the Supreme Court.

The Drugs Misuse Regulations 1987 (Qld) in schedule 3 and 4 specify the quantities of dangerous drugs which an offender can be caught with and still have dealt with in the Magistrates Court. If the amount is over the quantity outlined in these Schedules than the matter must proceed on committal and progress to the Supreme Court to proceed by either Trial or Sentence.

The maximum penalty for offences which exceed Schedule 3 or 4 is respectively 25 years imprisonment.

If the amount an offender is caught in possession of is under the amount in Schedule 3 or 4 the maximum penalty is 15 years imprisonment which is still significantly high.

If you have been charged with Possession of a Dangerous Drug you should seek legal assistance with your matter.

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

A 23-year-old man has been charged and today faced Southport Magistrates Court after a 20 year old man was stabbed in the abdomen in Varsity Lakes on Sunday afternoon.

A fight is alleged to have broken out between the pair and it is reported that Mr James Smith who has been charged after the incident was with two other individuals when the altercation took place.

Mr Smith has been charged with grievous bodily harm and threatening violence after the altercation. The victim is in a stable condition after undergoing emergency surgery on the wound to his abdomen.

Grievous bodily harm is an indictable offence that must be dealt with in the District Court and carries a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment.

Threatening violence is a summary offence that carries a maximum penalty of 2 years imprisonment unless the offence occurs at night in which case the maximum penalty is then 5 years imprisonment.

Queensland is seeing high numbers of offences involving knives and not all of them are violent crimes. It is becoming more common for younger people to be caught with a knife in their possession. These young people say they have the item for protection, however they will be facing a criminal charge for the possession of the knife as it is illegal to be carrying a knife in a public place. This includes whether it is being used or not.

A knife can be transported in your vehicle, however it must be stowed in the boot of your car during transit. It is not lawful to carry a knife for self-defence purposes.

If you are caught with a knife in your possession for no lawful or emergent reason you can be charged under section 51 of the Weapons Act 1990 (Qld). The maximum penalty for this offence is either a fine of 40 penalty units or 1 year’s imprisonment.

If you have been charged with any of the offences listed in this article you should seek legal advice.

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669. 

This article is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice.  The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of interpretation of the contents of this article.  It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

If you are being sentenced for a criminal offence then there are a number of tasks that you can do to prepare for your charge to be finalised in court.  One of those tasks may be to undergo a drug urine test to prove to the court that you are no longer taking drugs.   

What the Court takes into Consideration at a Sentence

There are essentially four basic principles of the court must consider when imposing a sentence on a defendant; 

  • Punishment: (the court must impose a sentence that punishes the defendant); 
  • Sending a message to the community:  The court is used as a medium that criminal offending will receive punishment. Journalists usually sit in the back of courts and record the names of parties, the nature of the charge, and the penalty that is received. 
  • Rehabilitation: The court must impose a sentence that allows for a defendant to be rehabilitated. This is usually done through a supervised order such as probation. 
  • Deterrence: There are two types of deterrence; specific deterrence to stop you from offending again, and general deterrence to stop other people from committing the offence. 

In determining the punishment that they will deliver to a defendant, the court will consider a number of factors including; 

  • the seriousness of the crime 
  • the effect on the victim 
  • the offender’s personal circumstances 
  • the offender’s criminal history 
  • whether the offender has cooperated with the police 

So now let’s look at the top of punishments that the Court can impose. Please note that they can do some of these types of punishments separately, or they can do a combination of punishments. 

How a urinalysis can help in your defence

If you have a drug problem in the past but have now overcome the problem then it is a good idea to provide proof that you are now clean.  You can do this through urinalysis which is otherwise known as a Drug Screen Test.  If these tests come back with no drugs detected in your system then it is evidence that you are no longer taking drugs. 

It is advisable to get as much testing done as you can. You will need to speak with your doctor to arrange for the drug testing.   

Urine testing is quick, painless and convenient.  You will need to speak with your doctor about the cost of the drug screening.  The sample is provided to authorised collection centres in controlled circumstances.  The sample is then sent to pathologists for testing and the results and returned usually within a couple of days.  The authorised collection centres in Queensland are facilities such as QML.  

Call an Expert

If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. 

Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over-the-phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court. Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. 

We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court. Please contact us for assistance.

The answer is, NO.

No one is above the law – even police officers who enforce the law.

Just after midnight on Sunday 26 February 2023, two officers from the Traffic and Highway Patrol Command identified two motorcycle riders travelling on the M5 through Liverpool in NSW.  The two motorcyclists were eventually pulled over at the intersection of the Hume Highway and Hoxton Park Road after the police helicopters and a police officer on a motorbike followed their route.

The two motorcyclists turned our to be police officers, and they were charged with driving in a dangerous manner and was issued a Court Attendance Notice to appear in Liverpool Local Court on 12 April 2023.

According to section 117(2) of the Road Transport Act 2012 No 18 (NSW)

A person must not drive a motor vehicle on a road furiously, recklessly or at a speed or in a manner dangerous to the public.

The maximum penalty:

A fine or imprisonment for 9 months or both (in the case of a first offence) or 12 months (in the case of a second or subsequent offence).

In considering whether an offence has been committed under this section, the court is to have regard to all the circumstances of the case, including the following:

(a) the nature, condition and use of the road on which the offence is alleged to have been committed,
(b) the amount of traffic that actually is at the time, or which might reasonably be expected to be, on the road

Police have protocols they must adhere to in order to prevent further risk or harm to the general public while enforcing the law on someone they suspect has broken the law.  Likewise, protocols do not allow the police to break the law to be able to enforce the law.  Police have now placed the serving special constable employment under review until investigations are complete.

Our team specialise in traffic law. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669. 

The Facebook quiz which led to the Cambridge Analytica data breach has been the subject of many courts worldwide. The personality quiz that was running on Facebook was taken by people across the world, however as we now know those who took the quiz also exposed their Facebook friends to the data breach unknowingly. Over 50 million Facebook users were affected without their knowledge or consent.

In Australia it was estimated that 53 people took the quiz and it is believed that this exposed approximately 300,000 of their Facebook friends to the data breach.

The Court matter in Australia has been ongoing since 2020 through the Federal Courts, as the Australian Information Commissioner took on Meta, the new owner of Facebook. Two prior decisions were made in favour of the Australian Information Commissioner however Meta are appealing that decision in the High Court and challenging the very foundation of the case against them.

The Australian legal system allows for prosecution overseas if there is able to be established a link to Australia. The Commissioner must therefore establish to the High Court that the company, despite being overseas, was carrying out business in Australia.

Facebook is fighting on the basis that they did not have a commercial presence in Australia, as they did not have any personnel, revenues or business premises in Australia.

The Commissioner is still standing by their case that there was a clear breach of Australian privacy laws from the information which was shared with the third-party application. The breach is said to have occurred from 12 March 2014 to 1 May 2015, meaning that for over one year the privacy of the affected Australian users was being breached.

If the decision is made that Facebook is liable for a penalty of $2.2 million dollars in the Australia case. This would come after court actions were brought in the US and UK, where there have been substantial fines of billions of dollars.

Our team specialize in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

Queensland Parliament is currently reviewing their laws in relation to minor illicit drug offending after taking into consideration evidence and advice from experts. There is ever expanding pressure on the criminal justice system to deal with the number of matters brought before the courts and a significant number of those matters are for minor drug offending.

The proposed measures if introduced will mean that some of that burden on the court system is eased. It is expected in it’s first year the proposed changes could reduce the number of charges proceeding through the courts by around 17,000. The criminal justice system will be able to more focused on the more serious drug offences such as producing, supplying, and trafficking dangerous drugs.

Research indicates that in the last twelve months one-in-six Australian have used illicit substances.

The changes are being urged by the Queensland Police Service who are also of the view that the proposed measures are more likely to be more effective than the current system. The measures would be an expansion of the state’s Police Drug Diversion Program.

The proposed changes would look to implement a three strike system before the individual would be put before a court for possession of drugs in a smaller quantity, for personal use only. The first strike would see a warning issued to the individual. The second and third strikes would see an offer to complete a drug diversion program made to the individual. After the third strike or if the program is refused than the individual would be required to attend court for the matter.

The proposal has strict guidelines for how you can be eligible for the three-strike program, which would include the amount found in your possession, an admission to using the substance, you must not have other outstanding criminal charges, or have been dealt with for serious drug offending in the past.

As the legislation is still in draft form there are still changes which are likely to occur. The initial proposal focused on those found in possession of cannabis of under 50 grams, however the government is in discussions on including all drugs, including heroin, meth and cocaine.

The draft laws are due to come back before the Parliament for debate in the coming months. It is currently before a parliamentary committee for scrutiny and community consultation before it returns to Parliament and a vote is taken on the Bill.

Drug Diversion Programs are found to have high rates of success and the Police believe that if more minor drug offenders were sent to these programs for their first offences they would not come before the courts for similar offending in future.

Our team specialize in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669. 

While patrolling the roads of Innisfail, police noticed a driver of vehicle had his furry little friend sitting unrestrained on his lap.

After the police pulled the driver over, they issued an infringement notice under s 297(1A) of the Transport Operations (Road Use Management—Road Rules) Regulation 2009.

The man was fined a whopping $718 for driving his vehicle while his beloved dog sat on his lap.

To avoid receiving a fine, it is recommended that pets be restrained in the car, despite it not being a legal requirement to do so.  This will help avoid any sudden movements by the animal that could cause the driver to momentarily lose control of the car.

If a cage is not an option, special harnesses that clip onto the existing seat belt in the car are now readily available to help ensure both pets and owners remain safe while in the car.

Our team specialise in criminal defence. Our role is to sit down with you and work out the strategy that will get you the best possible result. If you have any questions about this article or any other topic of law, please call our team of experts on 1300 066 669.

This article is for general information only and should not be relied on for specific legal advice.  The author will not be held responsible for any action that a person takes as a result of the interpretation of the contents of this article.  It is important to seek specific advice from a qualified and experienced lawyer for any legal problem.   

What is Forgery and Uttering?

Forgery refers to the creation of false documents (including but not limited to medical certificates, bank statements, and employer’s letters) or the altering of such documents so that the content within them is false.  

Uttering, put simply, is to use or present those false documents that have been forged and to put them into circulation. To utter means to use or deal or attempt to use or deal with the documents. Under Queensland law, the ‘document’ can be anything in writing where there are marks, figures, symbols, codes or records.  

When charging someone with this offence, law enforcement should be satisfied that there was an “intent to defraud” in some way when the offence occurred. This means an intent to practice a fraud of another person. It is not necessary to prove that there was intent to defraud one particular person. 

An example of Forgery and Uttering can include someone creating a false medical certificate (forgery) and then using that certificate (uttering) in order to tender to the Court as a reason to not appear at court.  Another usual example is the forging (writing on) and presenting (offering that to another person) a personal cheque.   

Laws of forgery

Section 488 of the Criminal Code (Qld) 1899 states; 

(1) A person who, with intent to defraud— 

(a) forges a document; or 

(b) utters a forged document; 

commits a crime. 

Elements of the Offence:-  

It is the duty of the prosecutor to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant has committed the offence.  Every charge has a number of elements that the Prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt.  For the charge of Forgery and Uttering the Prosecution must prove; 

1. Defendant – The Prosecutor has to prove the identification of the offender; 

2. Forged; or  

3. Utters

4. A DocumentWith the Intent to Defraud

Maximum Penalty for Forgery and Uttering:- 

The maximum penalty for this offence is three years imprisonment.  

Convictions:- 

In Queensland, if a person is convicted of Forgery and Uttering, then the court could impose one of the following penalties: 

  • Jail (suspended, parole or actual time);
  • Intensive Corrections Order;
  • Probation;
  • Community Service Order;
    Fines.

The actual penalty will depend on the circumstances of the matter including the seriousness of the offence and the individual circumstances and background of the Defendant. 

Possible Defences:-   

There are a number of defences available to charges at law.  Not every defence is available to every charge.  You will need to seek specific legal advice to see if you have a defence available to you for this charge.  Some of the common defences available in criminal charges are; 

  • Necessity;
  • Mistake of Fact;
  • Public Safety;
  • Self Defence or defence of
  • another person;
  • Intoxication;
  • Provocation;
  • Accident;
  • Duress;
  • Compulsion;
  • Insanity;
  • Automatism

Which Court will your matter be heard in? 

The charge of Forge and Utter will ordinarily be heard in the Magistrates Court in Queensland.  The charge will be heard and determined by a Magistrate alone whether you plead guilty or not guilty.  There is no jury in the Magistrates Court.   

The Defendant may however elect to have the matter heard in the District Court.  In that event a committal hearing will have to be conducted and then the matter will proceed to the District Court.  If you enter a plea of guilty then the charge will be determined by a Judge.  If you enter a plea of Not Guilty then the trial will be before a Judge and Jury.  If you are found guilty then you will be sentenced by the Judge.   

What should I do if the police want to speak to me about a Forgery and Uttering allegation or if I am charged?

You have the right to remain silent. You DO have to provide police with your name, date of birth and contact details. You should NOT answer any questions, make any statement or participate in any interview with the police. 

You should be polite to the officer but insist that you want to talk to your lawyer. You have the right to telephone a friend, relative or lawyer. 

Call an Expert

If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over-the-phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court.  

Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court. 

Brooke Winter Solicitors
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